Chemical Components of Piliostigma reticulatum and Cleistopholis patens with Antibacterial Properties of their Crude and Purified Extracts

^*Daniels A.O., Akinkugbe A.O., and Temikotan T.

Department of Biological Sciences, Achievers University, Owo, Ondo State Nigeria.

*Corresponding Author’s Contact Details: Email address ✉: toyosidanny@yahoo.com

Accepted June 20, 2019

The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial properties, isolate and characterize the essential oils, especially the sesquiterpenes from two medicinal plants Piliostigma reticulatum and Cleistopholispatens. Stem bark of both plants were sampled, air-dried and subjected to extraction procedures using ethyl acetate. The extracts were subjected to antibacterial analysis using the agar cup diffusion method against Shigella dysenteriae and Streptococcuspyogenes. Fractions from the crude extracts were also assayed for antibacterial efficacy employing the disc diffusion method. Spectrum analysis of the fractions was also done to identify their chemical components using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Gas chromatography and mass spectra (GCMS). Results obtained showed that the extract of P. reticulatum was effective against S. dysenteriae with zones of inhibition of 14 mm, 12 mm, 8 mm and 6mm at concentrations of 100 mg/ml, 60 mg/ml 40 mg/ml and 20 mg/ml respectively while it showed lesser efficacy against S. pyogenes with zones of inhibition of 10mm and 8mm at concentrations of 100mg/ml and 80mg/ml respectively. On the other hand, C. patens was active against S. pyogenes with zones of inhibition of 18 mm, 16 mm, 14 mm, 13 mm, and 8 mm at concentrations of 100 mm, 60 mm, 40 mm, 20 mm and 10 mm respectively. Crude extract showed higher activity than purified fractions against test organisms. Spectra analyses showed the phytochemicals present to include sesquiterpenes, fatty acids, Abeitic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and alcohols.

Key words: Phytochemicals, Fatty acids, purification, antibacterial, GC-MS, NMR, FTIR.

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